Heart Arrhythmia Treatment in Singapore

What Are the Different Types of Arrhythmia?

Arrhythmia may be classified into different types based on whether they cause slow, fast, or irregular heart rate or the heart's affected part.

• Tachycardia – This refers to a fast heartbeat, with a heart rate faster than 100 beats per minute.
• Bradycardia – This is a slow heartbeat where the resting heart rate is slower than 60 beats per minute.
• Premature Heartbeat – Sometimes referred to as extra heartbeat, this occurs when the signal to beat comes too early, causing a pause followed by a stronger beat as the heart returns to its regular rhythm.
• Supraventricular Arrhythmias – These arrhythmias arise in the upper chambers of the heart, called the atria. This can manifest in several forms:
  • Atrial Fibrillation – This is the most common type. Here, the atria quiver irregularly instead of contracting effectively. This can lead to a rapid and irregular heart rate.
  • Atrial Flutter – A similar condition to atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter involves rapid, but more organised, electrical impulses in the atria. It can sometimes progress to atrial fibrillation.
  • Supraventricular Tachycardia – This is characterised by a very fast heart rate originating above the ventricles. SVT episodes can come and go suddenly.
• Ventricular Arrhythmias –These arrhythmias take root in the heart's lower chambers, the ventricles. Common types include:
  • Ventricular Tachycardia – This involves a rapid heartbeat originating in the ventricles. Ventricular tachycardia does not always cause problems, especially for those with healthy hearts. However, it may last longer for individuals with heart problems, leading to ventricular fibrillation.
  • Ventricular Fibrillation – This is a chaotic electrical activity in the ventricles, causing the ventricles to quiver instead of pumping blood effectively. This is a medical emergency, as it can rapidly lead to cardiac arrest.

Diagnosing arrhythmias often involves several tests to accurately pinpoint the nature and cause of the irregular heartbeat. Common diagnostic tests include:

Some individuals with no symptoms do not require treatment, while others may need treatments to manage symptoms and prevent potential complications. The recommended treatment varies depending on the type, severity, and underlying cause of the arrhythmia.

• Medications – Medications include antiarrhythmic agents to regular the heart’s rhythm and beta-blockers or calcium-channel blockers to slow heart rate. A cardiologist may also prescribe anticoagulation or blood-thinning medications to reduce the risk of stroke due to arrhythmia.
• Cardioversion – This is a procedure performed under anaesthesia. It uses electrical shocks to restore a normal heart rhythm, often to treat atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter.
• Catheter Ablation – This procedure involves using heat, cold, or radiofrequency energy using a catheter to destroy the abnormal heart tissue causing the arrhythmia.
• Pacemaker – This is a small, battery-operated device implanted in the chest to regulate the heart's rhythm. It sends electrical impulses to stimulate the heart to beat at a normal rate.
• Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) – This is a small, battery-powered device implanted in the chest to treat life-threatening arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. It monitors the heart's rhythm and delivers an electric shock if needed to restore a normal rhythm.

Left untreated, arrhythmia may lead to various conditions and complications, such as:

• Stroke
• Heart failure
• Cardiomyopathy
• Cardiac arrest

Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle is helpful in managing or lowering the risk of arrhythmias.

• Diet and Exercise – A balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins supports heart health. Additionally, foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids can also lower blood pressure and reduce inflammation. Regular physical activity helps control weight, strengthens the heart, and improves overall cardiovascular function.
• Stress Management – Chronic stress can contribute to heart problems. Incorporate relaxation techniques like meditation, yoga, or deep breathing into your routine.
• Limiting Stimulants – Excessive caffeine and alcohol consumption can affect heart rhythm.
• Practise Good Sleep Habits – Adequate sleep is vital for overall health, including heart health. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night.

While occasional heart palpitations or irregularities might not be cause for immediate alarm, you should consult a cardiologist if you:

• Are experiencing persistent or recurring symptoms
• Have medical conditions like coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, diabetes, or a family history of heart disease
• Experience symptoms like chest pain, lightheadedness, or difficulty breathing
• If you're experiencing signs of arrhythmia or suspect you may have it, consult heart specialist (cardiologist) Dr Eric Hong at EH Heart Specialist for an accurate diagnosis today.